EMS Therapy (Electrical Muscle Stimulation Therapy) is a technique that uses electrical impulses to stimulate muscle contractions, mimicking the natural signals sent by the nervous system. Here’s a breakdown of its key aspects:

1. ​Definition & Mechanism
   EMS delivers low-frequency electrical currents via electrodes placed on the skin, directly targeting motor neurons to induce muscle contractions. This bypasses the brain’s signals, allowing passive muscle activation.

2. ​Applications

   • ​Rehabilitation: Used post-injury or surgery to prevent muscle atrophy (e.g., stroke recovery, ACL rehabilitation).
   • ​Fitness & Athletics: Enhances strength and endurance by recruiting more muscle fibers than voluntary contractions alone. Athletes like Usain Bolt have used EMS for training.
   • ​Pain Relief: Some devices (e.g., TENS) overlap with EMS technology to alleviate pain by disrupting pain signals.
   • ​Aesthetic/Wellness: Claims include muscle toning and "passive exercise," though FDA notes it’s not a standalone weight-loss tool.

3. ​Types & Variations

   • ​Russian Stimulation: Uses high-frequency sine waves for deeper muscle penetration.
   • ​NMES (Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation): Focuses on rehabilitating nerve-damaged muscles.
   • ​Microcurrent (MS): Lower-intensity currents (under 500μA) for facial rejuvenation and ATP production, differing from EMS’s higher-intensity muscle contractions.

4. ​Safety & Limitations

   • ​Contraindications: Not recommended for pregnant individuals, pacemaker users, or those with acute infections/epilepsy.
   • ​Effectiveness: Best results require active participation (e.g., combining EMS with traditional exercise). Overuse may deplete ATP, leading to muscle fatigue.

5. ​Historical Context
   Originating from 18th-century experiments by Galvani, EMS gained prominence in 20th-century space programs (NASA) to combat zero-gravity muscle loss.

For specific uses (e.g., rehab vs. fitness), consult a professional to tailor parameters like frequency and intensity.